Al Khiran Pearl City (Buro Happold  1998 - 2002) Water Quality Modelling of Phase 1A	Project Manager for the design of and Environmental Impact Assessment for the development of a new coastal city of 100,000 people at Al Khiran. The project includes the preparation of a schematic numerical model of the full development comprising 50km of sea connected waterways and detailed modelling of the first two phases of the development.   The objective of the work being to ascertain the effect on water quality, erosion, sedimentation and tidal flushing and recommend mitigating measures to channels and lagoons shown on the developer's master plan. Preparation of contract documentation for Phase 1A of the Al Khiran development for the first inland phase of the work comprising 1,050 residential properties.   Three major contracts were developed including dynamic compaction, dredging, earthworks and reclamation.  The project involved the creation of 14 km of new beach/waterside frontage with 3.3 million m3 of dredging/excavation to for the lagoon and 5 million m3 of filling.  Estimated cost KD12 million (£24 million). See also:- Al Khiran Pearl City: Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters Conference 2001, Institution of Civil Engineers, London 2001
ESCAP St Lucia (Buro Happold  1998 - 2002)	Project manager for the preparation of a coastal feasibility study for a residential scheme on the west coast of St Lucia. This included the development of terms of reference for an Environmental Impact Assessment for luxury beach apartments and hotel behind the beach.
Reclamation for Shipyards at To Kau Wan, North Lantau, Hong Kong Binnie Consultants Limited (1995 - 1996) To Kau Wan Reclamation, Lantau Island To Kau Wan Reclamation, Lantau Island	Resident Engineer responsible for the site supervision of a 6 hectare marine reclamation and pier for new shipyard facilities. The works included: - The construction of a concrete pier designed for the installation of a 1,000 dwt ship lift.  The structure comprising three pre-cast and reinforced concrete deck units with two 100m long fingers.  Foundations for the pier being twenty three 1.8m and 2.0m diameter cast insitu bored concrete piles with permanent steel liners of up to 40m in length. Dredging to remove 250,000m3 of soft marine deposits below the quay wall and reclamation area. The deposition below MHWS and vibro compaction of underwater sand fill imported from China and the placement and compaction of general fill above MHWS level. The total quantity of fill being approximately 700,000m3.   The construction of a 250m long quay wall founded on a rock bund.  The quay wall comprising a 250m long and 15m high pre-cast concrete block structure with granite facing at high level. A revetment incorporating a 250m long mass concrete wave wall protected by 24,000m3 of  6 tonne rock armour.
Projects in Bahrain & Saudi Arabia (Buro Happold  1998 - 2002) Hawar Island Beach Resort Amwaj/Salman Island Bahrain - Geotextile Tube Bunds	Projects in Bahrain include Amwaj Island, Hawar Island Lagoon, Al Jazair Beach Development and the Danat Hawar Islands project. The Hawar Island Lagoon project involved assessment into siltation and algal bloom together with engineering recommendations to prevent the growth of the microbial mat. The Amwaj Island scheme comprises the development of a 50 ha island off the NE coast of Muharraq Island incorporating 8 million cubic metres of dredging and reclamation.  The work included a Coastal Feasibility Study, an EIA and a Shoreline Master Plan.  Both Al Jazair and the Hawar Islands project relate to coastal feasibility for residential development including studies into water quality, littoral drift and sedimentation. The Danat Hawar Islands scheme includes the construction of 250 residential islands, clustered in shallow water. Design of a 320 boat marina for the Equestrian Club in Jeddah, North Obhur breakwater and master planning for Haraidah Tourist development on the Red Sea. Also responsible for the design of the South Jeddah (Project Laguna) scheme in Saudi Arabia. This includes the design of rock armour protection, beaches and reef reclamation for the development of a luxury housing resort on the Red Sea. See also: - An Engineered Solution to the Problems of Algal Bloom in Marina Lagoons. Coastal Engineering and Marina Development Conference.  Lemnos Greece 1999.
Downderry Coastal Protection Binnie & Partners (1991) Downderry Cliff Stabilisation	Team leader for the design and preparation of contract documents for a 550 m long erosion protection scheme to protect cliff side properties.  The cliff, being approximately 15 m high, vertical and subject to constant slippage.  A rubble mound structure was designed to prevent wave erosion at the base during storm surges and enable beach building to take place. The structure comprised a 5 tonne rock armour bund, filter layers and cliff stabilisation earthworks.  The structure was positioned to minimise armour size, reduce cost.  Work included wave analysis, armour and earthworks design.
Manila Seawall Central Business Park 1 (Binnie, Black & Veatch 1996 - 1997) Installation of Wick Drains	UK Project Manager  for the design of 2km of containment structures in Manila bay for the protection a 100 hectare reclamation.  The scope of works included determining the wave climate due to typhoon wind conditions in Manila Bay for the design of the seawall. The containment comprises 2.5 tonne concrete HARO armour units arranged in two compression layers, a rock toe, underlayers and a mass concrete crest wall.  The new structure incorporates the existing breakwater of 10_20 tonne rock armour.  Particular problems included: The presence of a rock/mud matrix below the existing breakwater. Very soft and deep marine deposits with low undrained shear strengths. Stability during construction and under earthquake loading. Vertical uplift and horizontal wave forces on the stability of the crest wall.

Ty Gwyn, Crickhowell Flooding Project Appraisal Edenvale Young Associates (2002 -2004)	Preparation of project appraisal for Powys County Council for submission to the Welsh Assembly Government to obtain grant aid funding for the detailed design and construction of a flood alleviation scheme to protect properties and the A40 trunk road from annual flooding.  The project appraisal included technical, economic, environmental and risk assessments using the Flood and Coastal Project Appraisal Guidance Method. The economic evaluation was based upon FCDPAG3 using the Multi Coloured Manual to evaluate damages.
Reuters River Wall, London (Buro Happold  1998 - 2002)	PM for the supervision of a condition assessment of the existing river wall, preparation of detailed design and contract document and site supervision of the works.  Due to the restrictions imposed by the Environment Agency and the construction of a multi-storey office building behind the wall, Buro Happold developed an innovative design to replace the wall on the existing alignment and incorporate a deep basement for the buildings foundations.  Particular site problems included the discovery of an unrecorded slipway and foundations.
Thames Water Extended Arm Projects Binnie & Partners (1991-1996)	PM responsible for the detailed design and site support liaison with management contractor Taylor Woodrow for the construction of Mortimer/Burgfield Reservoir.  The project included the preparation of four separate sets of documents including pipeline, piling, civil and M&E contracts.  The scope of the reservoir construction was: a partially buried 15 Ml monolithic dual celled reinforced concrete reservoir and a valve chamber founded on four hundred 450 mm diameter continuous flight auger bored piles. an RC and brick pumping station with basement incorporating a generator, 5 centrifugal pumps, motors, control panel, switch gear, instrumentation and telemetry associated with the reservoir. the replacement of three existing multi-stage pumps at the borehole pumping station.
Rodley Flood Alleviation Binnie & Partners (1998)	PM for the detailed design, preparation of contract documents and the site supervision for the raising of a flood embankment and construction of outfalls on the tidal section of the river Severn to increase the standard of flood defence service to a 1:50 year return period.  The scheme comprises 5.8km of embankment with difficult access located on a sensitive archaeological and environmental section of the river.
Somerset Navigation Study Binnie & Partners (1991-1996)	PM for a comprehensive feasibility study to investigate establishing a pleasure boating circuit on the Somerset Levels by constructing a tidal exclusion barrage across the River Parrett.  The work encompassed the engineering, environmental assessment and financial viability of the scheme.  Engineering issues included the effect of raising water levels behind the barrage on: flooding, sedimentation, water quality, land drainage and catchment management.  The situation was complicated by the shallow gradients of the rivers and the fact that much of the Somerset Levels are below sea level.  This caused problems associated with the evacuation of flood water in winter and maintenance of water levels in the summer.  Preliminary scheme designs were prepared and costed for the barrage and its operating regime.  A range of different scenarios and designs were considered.  These included: the incorporation of locks and Hydro Electric generators.
Sports Campus Ireland (Buro Happold  1998 - 2002)	Master Planning and the development of a Water Resources Strategy and Environmental Impact Assessment for at Sports Campus Ireland. The scheme covering approximately 200 hectares includes an 80,000 seat sports stadium, a 20,000 seat arena, velodrome, hotels and support facilities centre around a harp shaped water feature arranged at 3 levels with a surface area of approximately 70,000m2 and a volume of 140Ml. The water feature was designed to collect uncontaminated surface water “run off” from pedestrian paving and stadia roofs and maintain a high level of water quality suitable for a diverse fresh water ecology.  Control of rapid discharge was achieved by incorporating an adjustable weir to provide attenuation storage volume. Contaminated water from irrigated pitches, car parks and roads were discharged via a separate drainage route treated and discharged to the River Tolka via a reed bed.