Marine water quality

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=3 height=55 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#BBBBBB" FACE="Arial" >Marine water quality      </FONT><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Edenvale Young Associates Ltd "><U>Home </U></A> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#BBBBBB" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>   |     <A HREF="id86.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE=" Welcome"><U>Site Centra</U></A>l    |     <A HREF="id46.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="News Desk ......"><U>News </U></A>     |       <A HREF="id96.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="People ......"><U>People</U></A>      |      <A HREF="id95.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Civil Design ......"><U>Design</U></A>      |     <A HREF="id94.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Software Computing ......"><U>Computing</U></A>     |       <A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Welshpool PAS"><U>Projects</U></A><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#BBBBBB" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" rowspan="2" width=200 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> P<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >roject links</FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="id66.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Project Descriptions"><U>Home</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id54.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Flooding in mid Wales"><U>Previous</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Welshpool PAS"><U>Next</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id102.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="John Young ......"><U>Return to cv</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=393 colspan=2 BGCOLOR="#FFFBF0" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="581" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="VOID" RULES="NONE" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 284 WIDTH="286"><div> <FONT SIZE="7" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >B</FONT>asic marine water quality for engineers and planners<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT> </div> <bR> <div> <B>Keywords</B></div> <div> Water Quality</div> <div> Lecture Series</div> <bR> <div> <B>Client, Architect & Other Organisations</B></div> <div> Various</div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1601bd50.jpg" border=0 width="283" height="213" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <I>Eutrophication</I></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 915 WIDTH="286"><div> <B>Description</B></div> <div> The objective of this lecture series is to provide an introduction to water quality for engineers and planners. The course has been designed to demonstrate the link between engineering, water quality, environmental impact and marine biology. Engineers have for too long viewed marine biology as a subject shrouded in Latin mystery. Some marine biologists, on the other hand, have viewed all interventions in the marine environment as negative. </div> <bR> <div> The aim is to give the engineer and planner a some understanding of the environmental issues and show that given good design practices it is possible to engineer solutions which enhance the environment.  The lectures cover a number of engineering issues including the impact on water quality due to barrage construction and the discharge of sewage.  Although it is recognised that issues associated with dredging, complex chemical compounds and the discharge of heavy metals are important they are not considered in this programme. </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="161d51b0.jpg" border=0 width="213" height="283" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="284"><div> <B>Modules</B></div> <div> <B>Module 1 - Chemistry & Biology</B></div> <div> It is considered that there are intrinsic and reciprocal links between the chemistry of seawater and life in the water environment. The module describes the chemical composition of water including the “big six” chemicals, dissolved gases, nutrients, salinity, temperature and light. </div> <bR> <div> The second phase of the module considers the biological component including the role of flora and fauna on marine water quality. The role and importance of algae, zooplankton and phytoplankton on levels of dissolved oxygen are discussed. The final phase links the chemistry of the water, flora and fauna by considering the fluctuation of dissolved oxygen as a result of respiration, photosynthesis and diffusion. </div> <bR> <div> <B>Module 2 - Human Impact</B></div> <div> The impact of the development of tidal barrages, tidal basins and resort lagoons on levels of salinity and dissolved oxygen on estuarine and river water quality are considered. Two case studies are used to explain the significance of water exchange, aeration and mixing of the water column.</div> <bR> <div> The impact of oxygen demanding waste discharges from sewage treatment works on water quality and the concept of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD5 & COD) provide the main focus for this phase of the course.  Particular attention is focused on the oxygen sag in river and estuarine and includes consideration of aerobic degradation, hypoxia and anoxia. </div> <bR> <div> In addition, the module considers the effects of pathogens, enteric bacteria, viruses, intestinal parasites and disease on water quality and the use of biological indicators to assess water quality. </div> <bR> <div> The final section of the module is devoted to the process of Eutrophication as a result of the discharge of nutrients including red tides, neurotoxins, saxitoxins, and paralytic shellfish poisoning. The Hawar Island project in Bahrain is used as a case study relating to algal blooms.</div> <bR> <div> <B>Module 3 - Case Studies</B></div> <div> Case study - Mangrove islands, Al Khiran</div> <div> Case study - TBT (anti fouling paint)</div> <div> Case study - Thermal plume, Hunterston PS</div> <div> Case study - Spatial distribution of flora </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=32 BGCOLOR="#FFFBF0" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Welshpool PAS"><U><B><IMG SRC="0111b180.jpg" border=0 width="27" height="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B>  </B><A HREF="id54.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Flooding in mid Wales"><U><B><IMG SRC="0121e160.jpg" border=0 width="30" height="22" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A><B>  </B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="23" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="27"><B>  </B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="22" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" WIDTH="27"></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>